Step 1: Select the cells where you want the pop-up then from menu Data> validation

Google Sheets - Add a Pop-Up Calendar Date Picker

Step 2: select date from validation criteria and click save

Google Sheets - Add a Pop-Up Calendar Date Picker

OK now when you click the selected cell from step 1 you will get a pop-up calender.

Google Sheets - Add a Pop-Up Calendar Date Picker